The purpose of the guiding application is to replace the parts of the tree that are most sensitive to frost, which are the trunk and the roots of the branches, by a frost-resistant variety.
The use of such a guide effectively protects the trunk from freezing. Due to the use of frost-resistant, frost-resistant bark, the regeneration of frozen bark can be carried out smoothly, which is the most important goal of this double vaccination..
Guiding effects also increase the fertility of some varieties. The guiding principle for varieties that begin bearing fruit late, like Starking – Delicious or Mclntosh accelerates the entry of trees into the period of full fruiting. On the other hand, in cultivars that begin fruiting early, such as: Beforest, The guiding principle of Idared or James Grieve sometimes delays the entry of trees into this period by one year.
Guides can be used to obtain a straight stem in varieties that are naturally slanted or weakly growing. Conductively, called intermediate, are also used in the case of bad intergrowing between the rootstock and the cultivar, e.g. Conductively, called intermediate, are also used in the case of bad intergrowing between the rootstock and the cultivar, like for example. Conductively, called intermediate, are also used in the case of bad intergrowing between the rootstock and the cultivar. Conductively, called intermediate, are also used in the case of bad intergrowing between the rootstock and the cultivar. Conductively, called intermediate, are also used in the case of bad intergrowing between the rootstock and the cultivar. Conductively, called intermediate, are also used in the case of bad intergrowing between the rootstock and the cultivar: under its crown or in its crown on individual shoots at a distance of approx 25 cm from the root. The main vaccination under the crown is carried out in the nursery; then trees are obtained, in which only the trunk is resistant to low temperatures. Therefore, in order to obtain trees fully protected against frost damage, it is recommended to vaccinate the guides in the crown after planting the latter into the orchard.. Then we get trees, with whom not only the trunk, but also the base of the branches is resistant to freezing.
In the production of two-year half-stem apple and pear trees, it is required to use guidebooks for the following frost-sensitive varieties:: Bankruptcy, Beforest, Idared, Orange Coke, Landsberska, Beautiful from Boskoop, Red Delicious and his short shoot sports, and Idared. Among pear trees, the main use is valid only for the Bonkret Williams variety.
GUIDING TO THE APPLE TREE.
HIBERNAL. It is a variety considered to be the most valuable guide for apple trees. It increases the fertility of the vaccinated varieties the most, creates wide angles of bifurcation of skeletal limbs and fuses well with all varieties.
PLAIN ANTONNA. It is the second well-known and long used guide for frost-sensitive apple cultivars. In some features, Antonówka Jaki, however, gives way to the leading one, Hibernal. The main disadvantage of Antonówka is the weak and sometimes crooked growth of maiden trees in the nursery, and the formation of fairly sharp angles for the bifurcation of skeletal limbs.
YELLOW OLIVE. As a guide for apple trees, it is used less frequently than the previous ones. It is recommended primarily for the Mclntosh variety and in areas with little rainfall.
GUIDING AND INTERMEDIATE FOR PEARS.
CAUCASIAN PEAR. The most commonly used guideline for frost-sensitive pear varieties is the Caucasian pear. In practice, many types of Caucasian pear are known. The types with moderate growth strength are the most suitable for guiding principles, They are characterized by high resistance to frost and high resistance to bark and wood diseases.
BERA HARDEGO. BERA HARDEGO. BERA HARDEGO. BERA HARDEGO.
BERA HARDEGO
BERA HARDEGO. Among the cultivars of sweet cherries, the pale pink variety is the most useful as a guide.
CORRECTING INSERTS FOR APPLE TREE
The purpose of using the inserts is to weaken the growth force of the vaccinated varieties. The degree of reduction in the size of the trees depends on the growth strength of the rootstock used for the insert and the length of the insert. Therefore, for dwarfing inserts, dwarf rootstocks with the weakest growth are recommended. The length of the insert is approx 30 cm is considered to be sufficient to weaken the growth force of the vaccinated varieties. In our climate, dwarf rootstocks, distinguished by high frost resistance, can be recommended for dwarfing inserts., how: Red-leaved skate (B 9), as well as rootstocks grown at the Institute of Horticulture of P. 2 i P 22. The great advantage of these rootstocks is their high resistance to ring rot at the base of the trunk.
