After plowing, In order to prohibit and level the field, it is commenced to designate places for trees and to dig holes. When establishing a small orchard and without internal roads, the marking of places for trees begins with the marking out with the help of a steel cord, or a straight line cord along the longer field boundary. If the terrain is rectangular or square, then straight lines are drawn along its remaining boundaries, remembering that perpendicular lines intersect exactly at right angles. On the designated boundary lines, the field is marked with pegs for places for trees, remembering that, that the rows of trees in the orchard should run north to south. Then the inner rows are marked out. This can be done by the visualization method involving three people. One person sets the pegs, while the other two outside the boundary lines guard, that the pegs are hammered in exactly at the intersection of the straight lines marked by the pegs in the outermost rows. In a large area, you must first define the routes and boundaries of the accommodation, and then designate places for trees using the method described above. Places for trees, especially on large plots, it can also be marked with a marker attached to the tractor, driving along first, then across the field. The latter method is much faster, but less accurate.
The holes for the trees are usually dug just before planting. They should be approx 60 cm in diameter and approx 40 cm deep. If they are smaller, the roots of the trees do not fit in them. In small orchards, holes are dug by hand. In large orchards, holes can be dug using a special auger powered by a tractor.
